# Neural Correlates of Memory and Attention Study 2025 # Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) # as described by: MARKS, D.F. (1973), VISUAL IMAGERY DIFFERENCES IN THE RECALL OF PICTURES. British Journal of Psychology, 64: 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x import datetime import pandas as pd import pyglet from pyglet import shapes from pyglet.window import key from pyglet import event from pyglet import gl import sys import os # ---- Resolving script directory ---- try: SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) except NameError: SCRIPT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(sys.argv[0])) if sys.argv and sys.argv[0] else os.getcwd() # ---- Participant ID ---- PID = input("Participant ID: ").strip() if not PID: sys.exit(0) TIMESTAMP = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S") # ---- Layout constants ---- FONT_STACK = ["Arial", "Helvetica", "DejaVu Sans", "Liberation Sans", "Sans-Serif"] FG_WHITE = (255, 255, 255, 255) BG_BLACK = (0, 0, 0, 255) ACCENT_WHITE = (255, 255, 255) ACCENT_BLACK = (0, 0, 0) # ---- VVIQ Questions ---- # as described by: MARKS, D.F. (1973), VISUAL IMAGERY DIFFERENCES IN THE RECALL OF PICTURES. British Journal of Psychology, 64: 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01322.x VVIQ_QUESTIONS = [ "The exact contour of their face, head, shoulders and body.", "Their characteristic poses of head, attitudes of body, etc.", "Their precise carriage, length of step, etc., in walking.", "The different colours worn in some familiar clothes.", "The sun is rising above the horizon into a hazy sky.", "The sky clears and surrounds the sun with blueness.", "Clouds. A storm blows up, with flashes of lightning.", "A rainbow appears.", "The overall appearance of the shop from the opposite side of the road.", "A window display including colors, shape, and details of individual items for sale.", "You are near the entrance. The color, shape, and details of the door.", "You enter the shop and go to the counter. The counter assistant serves you. Money changes hands.", "The contours of the landscape.", "The color and shape of the trees.", "The color and shape of the lake.", "A strong wind blows on the tree and on the lake causing waves." ] PROMPTS = { range(0, 4): "Think of some relative or friend whom you frequently see (but who is not with you at present).", range(4, 8): "Visualize a rising sun.", range(8, 12): "Think of the front of a shop which you often go to.", range(12, 16):"Think of a country scene which involves trees, mountains, and a lake." } def header_for_idx(i): for r, txt in PROMPTS.items(): if i in r: return txt return "" labels = [ "No image at all", "Dim and vague", "Moderately clear", "Clear and reasonably vivid", "Perfectly clear and as vivid as normal vision" ] # ---- Saving data functions ---- def save_excel_or_csv(df, xlsx_path, csv_path): try: try: with pd.ExcelWriter(xlsx_path, engine="openpyxl") as w: df.to_excel(w, index=False, sheet_name="VVIQ") except Exception: with pd.ExcelWriter(xlsx_path, engine="xlsxwriter") as w: df.to_excel(w, index=False, sheet_name="VVIQ") print(f"✅ Saved: {os.path.abspath(xlsx_path)}") except Exception as e: print(f"⚠️ Excel write failed ({e}). Writing CSV fallback.") df.to_csv(csv_path, index=False, encoding="utf-8") print(f"💾 Saved: {os.path.abspath(csv_path)}") def save_results(interrupted=False): data_dir = os.path.join(SCRIPT_DIR, "data") participant_dir = os.path.join(data_dir, PID) os.makedirs(participant_dir, exist_ok=True) # this is only for the VVIQ summary = Total score reported at end of questionaire rows = list(data_rows) label = "TOTAL_SCORE (partial)" if interrupted else "TOTAL_SCORE" rows.append({ "test": "VVIQ_Summary", "participant_id": PID, "timestamp": TIMESTAMP, "question_index": None, "question": label, "rating": total_score }) df = pd.DataFrame(rows) suffix = "_INTERRUPTED" if interrupted else "" base = os.path.join(participant_dir, f"{PID}_VVIQ{suffix}") xlsx = base + ".xlsx" csv = base + ".csv" save_excel_or_csv(df, xlsx, csv) # ---- Drawing the experiment window ---- win = pyglet.window.Window(fullscreen=True, caption="VVIQ", vsync=True) win.set_mouse_visible(True) try: gl.glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) except Exception: pass key_handler = key.KeyStateHandler() win.push_handlers(key_handler) _esc_latched = False batch_ui = pyglet.graphics.Batch() batch_rate = pyglet.graphics.Batch() batch_modal = pyglet.graphics.Batch() W = H = 0 CENTER_X = CENTER_Y = 0 start_title = None start_intro = None start_btn_rect = start_btn_border = None start_btn_label = None rating_prompt = None POST_CLICK_DELAY = 0.35 _pending_next_index = None def make_center_label(text, y, size=24, bold=False, width_frac=0.8, batch=batch_ui): return pyglet.text.Label( text, font_size=size, bold=bold, font_name=FONT_STACK, x=CENTER_X, y=y, anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center', color=FG_WHITE, width=int(W*width_frac), multiline=True, align='center', batch=batch ) class RatingButton: def __init__(self, idx, label_text): self.idx = idx self.value = idx + 1 self.cx = self.cy = 0 self.size = 0 self.rect = None self.number = None self.label = None self.label_text = label_text self.col_width = 0 def ensure_drawables(self): if self.rect is None: self.rect = shapes.BorderedRectangle(0, 0, 10, 10, border=3, color=ACCENT_BLACK, border_color=ACCENT_WHITE, batch=batch_rate) if self.number is None: self.number = pyglet.text.Label(str(self.value), font_size=36, bold=True, font_name=FONT_STACK, x=0, y=0, anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center', color=FG_WHITE, batch=batch_rate) if self.label is None: self.label = pyglet.text.Label( self.label_text, font_size=18, font_name=FONT_STACK, x=0, y=0, anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center', color=FG_WHITE, width=200, multiline=True, align='center', batch=batch_rate ) def place(self, cx, cy, size, label_y, col_width): self.ensure_drawables() self.cx, self.cy, self.size, self.col_width = cx, cy, size, col_width self.rect.x = int(cx - size/2) self.rect.y = int(cy - size/2) self.rect.width = self.rect.height = int(size) self.number.x, self.number.y = int(cx), int(cy) self.label.x, self.label.y = int(cx), int(label_y) self.label.width = int(col_width * 0.9) def hit(self, mx, my): return (self.cx - self.size/2 <= mx <= self.cx + self.size/2 and self.cy - self.size/2 <= my <= self.size/2 + self.cy) buttons = [RatingButton(i, labels[i]) for i in range(5)] def layout(): global W, H, CENTER_X, CENTER_Y global start_title, start_intro, start_btn_rect, start_btn_border, start_btn_label, rating_prompt W, H = win.get_size() CENTER_X, CENTER_Y = W//2, H//2 for b in (batch_ui, batch_rate, batch_modal): b._draw_list = [] start_title = make_center_label("Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionaire", int(CENTER_Y + 0.24*H), size=max(16, int(0.025*H)), bold=True) intro_text = ("The following test asks you to imagine different scenarios " "and create a respective image in your head.\n\n" "Press the button to begin.") start_intro = make_center_label(intro_text, int(CENTER_Y + 0.08*H), size=max(16, int(0.025*H)), width_frac=0.9, bold=False) btn_font = max(16, int(0.025*H)) start_btn_label = pyglet.text.Label( "Begin test", font_size=btn_font, font_name=FONT_STACK, x=0, y=0, anchor_x='center', anchor_y='center', color=FG_WHITE, batch=batch_ui ) padding_x = int(btn_font * 1.2) padding_y = int(btn_font * 0.8) text_w = start_btn_label.content_width text_h = start_btn_label.content_height btn_w = text_w + 2 * padding_x btn_h = text_h + 2 * padding_y sx = int(CENTER_X - btn_w/2) sy = int(CENTER_Y - 0.12*H - btn_h/2) start_btn_rect = shapes.Rectangle(sx, sy, btn_w, btn_h, color=ACCENT_BLACK, batch=batch_ui) start_btn_border = shapes.BorderedRectangle(sx, sy, btn_w, btn_h, border=3, color=ACCENT_BLACK, border_color=ACCENT_WHITE, batch=batch_ui) start_btn_label.x = sx + btn_w/2 start_btn_label.y = sy + btn_h/2 rating_prompt = make_center_label( "How vivid was your image?\nClick a number to rate 1–5", int(CENTER_Y + 0.22*H), size=max(16, int(0.025*H)), bold=False ) total_width = min(W * 0.88, 5 * min(W, H) * 0.22) left = CENTER_X - total_width/2 step = total_width / 5 col_width = step size = min(W, H) * 0.12 cy = int(CENTER_Y - 0.02*H) label_y = int(cy - size*1.05) for i, b in enumerate(buttons): cx = int(left + (i + 0.5) * step) b.place(cx, cy, size, label_y, col_width) def instruction_label_for(idx): header = header_for_idx(idx) question = VVIQ_QUESTIONS[idx] txt = f"{header}\n\nClose your eyes and imagine:\n\n{question}\n\n(Press SPACE when ready to rate)" return make_center_label(txt, CENTER_Y, size=max(16, int(0.024*H)), width_frac=0.85, bold=False) state = "start" q_index = 0 instr_label = None data_rows = [] total_score = 0 prev_state = None def build_confirm_overlay(): cover = shapes.Rectangle(0, 0, W, H, color=(64, 64, 64), batch=batch_modal) cover.opacity = 180 msg = pyglet.text.Label( "Do you really want to quit?\n\nPress Y to confirm, N to continue.", font_size=max(16, int(0.025 * H)), font_name=FONT_STACK, x=CENTER_X, y=CENTER_Y, anchor_x="center", anchor_y="center", color=FG_WHITE, width=int(W * 0.8), multiline=True, align="center", batch=batch_modal ) return {"cover": cover, "msg": msg} def set_question(i): global q_index, state, instr_label if i >= len(VVIQ_QUESTIONS): save_results(interrupted=False) state = "thanks" return q_index = i instr_label = instruction_label_for(i) state = "instruction" @win.event def on_draw(): win.clear() if state == "start": start_title.draw(); start_intro.draw() start_btn_rect.draw(); start_btn_border.draw(); start_btn_label.draw() elif state == "instruction": if instr_label: instr_label.draw() elif state == "rating": rating_prompt.draw() for b in buttons: b.rect.draw(); b.number.draw(); b.label.draw() elif state == "thanks": make_center_label("Thank you!\nYou may now close this window.", CENTER_Y, size=max(18, int(0.024*H))).draw() elif state == "confirm_exit": confirm_ui["cover"].draw() confirm_ui["msg"].draw() elif state == "waiting": rating_prompt.draw() for b in buttons: b.rect.draw(); b.number.draw(); b.label.draw() @win.event def on_mouse_press(x, y, button, modifiers): global state, total_score, _pending_next_index if state == "start": if start_btn_rect.x <= x <= start_btn_rect.x + start_btn_rect.width and \ start_btn_rect.y <= y <= start_btn_rect.y + start_btn_rect.height: set_question(0) elif state == "rating": for b in buttons: if b.hit(x, y): data_rows.append({ # report results of each question "test": "VVIQ", "participant_id": PID, "timestamp": TIMESTAMP, "question_index": q_index + 1, # question number "question": VVIQ_QUESTIONS[q_index], "rating": b.value }) total_score += b.value _pending_next_index = q_index + 1 state = "waiting" pyglet.clock.schedule_once(lambda dt: set_question(_pending_next_index), POST_CLICK_DELAY) break @win.event def on_key_press(symbol, modifiers): global state, prev_state, confirm_ui if symbol == key.ESCAPE and state != "confirm_exit": prev_state = state state = "confirm_exit" confirm_ui = build_confirm_overlay() return event.EVENT_HANDLED if state == "confirm_exit": if symbol == key.Y: save_results(interrupted=True) pyglet.app.exit() return event.EVENT_HANDLED elif symbol in (key.N, key.ESCAPE): state = prev_state return event.EVENT_HANDLED return event.EVENT_HANDLED if state == "instruction" and symbol == key.SPACE: state = "rating" return event.EVENT_HANDLED @win.event def on_close(): if state != "thanks": save_results(interrupted=True) @win.event def on_resize(width, height): layout() if state in ("instruction", "rating", "waiting"): globals()['instr_label'] = instruction_label_for(q_index) global confirm_ui confirm_ui = build_confirm_overlay() def update(dt): global _esc_latched, state, prev_state, confirm_ui esc_down = bool(key_handler[key.ESCAPE]) if state != "confirm_exit": if esc_down and not _esc_latched: _esc_latched = True prev_state = state state = "confirm_exit" confirm_ui = build_confirm_overlay() if not esc_down and _esc_latched and state != "confirm_exit": _esc_latched = False layout() confirm_ui = build_confirm_overlay() instr_label = None pyglet.clock.schedule_interval(update, 1/120) pyglet.app.run()