Arbeitskreis 1
Andrea-Maria Nadenbousch
Die Rolle von Bewegungskoordinator:innen im schulischen Bewegungsförderungsprogramm Active School. Entwicklung eines Weiterbildungsangebots für Bewegungskoordinator:innen.
Das vom Institut für Sportwissenschaft der Universität Bern und dem Fachdidaktikzentrum Sport der Pädagogischen Hochschule Bern initiierte Schulentwicklungsprojekt Active School setzt mit einem Konzept zur ganzheitlichen schulischen Bewegungsförderung auf verschiedenen Ebenen der Schule an (Schüler:innen, Lehrpersonen, Leitung). Untersuchungen legen nahe, dass der Einsatz von schulinternen Bewegungskoordinator:innen auf der Leitungsebene zu einer nachhaltigen Implementation von Bewegungsförderungsprogrammen beiträgt.
Das Promotionsvorhaben nimmt sich dem Forschungsdesiderat der Ausbildung solcher Bewegungskoordinator:innen und der Untersuchung ihrer Rolle im Schulentwicklungsprozess an. Im Weiterbildungsangebot sollen Bewegungskoordinator:innen dazu ausgebildet werden, die Implementation des Bewegungsförderungsprogramms an ihren Schulen vorzubereiten und zu unterstützen.
Mit einem qualitativen design-based-research Ansatz werden die Auswirkungen des Weiterbildungsangebots auf die Implementation von Active School an den Versuchsschulen untersucht. Dazu werden die zentralen Ereignisse und Einflussfaktoren des Implementationsprozesses auf den Ebenen Leitung und Lehrpersonen mittels Ripple Effekt Mapping festgehalten. Auf der Grundlage dieser Ripple Effekt Maps werden Stimulated Recalls durchgeführt, um Entscheidungen und Handlungsweisen der Bewegungskoordinator:innen im Entwicklungsprozess zu rekonstruieren und Erkenntnisse für die Weiterentwicklung des Weiterbildungsangebots zu generieren.
Yuesen Li
Using Machine Learning for identifying soccer in-possession match phases based on their tactical intention
In soccer analytics, the identification of match phases plays a crucial role in various aspects of the game analysis, including segmentation for match analysis, description of playing styles, and identification of team strengths and weaknesses. However, existing phase models have limitations either in terms of lacking detailed granularity or failing to consider the tactical intentions specific to each situation.
The primary objective of my research is to address these limitations and propose a novel knowledge-driven phase model that incorporates tactical intentions. By carefully designing spatiotemporal features and utilizing machine learning models, this study has developed a methodology that automatically identifies on-the-ball match phases.
Dino Tartaruga
Effects of inter- and intra-individual compensation-sensitive shot styles on performance in Olympic air rifle shooting.
The study investigates the performance effect of shot-styles in Olympic air rifle shooting with aiming point analysis systems that are also used in shooting practice. As these aiming point analysis systems are rather normative, individualizing algorithms are applied to take into account the personal preferences of the athletes in the execution of the aiming process. Inter- and intraindividual datasets were used. In the data processing, movement phases were detected, features were calculated for each shot, and a dimensionality reduction was performed. Finally, a cluster analysis and ANOVA were conducted to investigate the performance differences of the shot-styles. Intraindividual and also interindividual significant performance differences between the shot-styles could be found. Due to the compensation-sensitive shot styles, it is recommended that coaches and athletes train holistically and do not become set on individual features.
Xinlin Wang
EEG microstates of Lucid dream
This study re-analysis lucid dream data with 32 EEG channels with respect to microstates in 2 participants (8 recording nights). During the lucid dream, participants were asked to track the slow-moving visual target. Microstate B in previous study has repeatedly been related to visual and visuospaal processing, the presence of microstate B increased after visual stimuli compared to a no-task resng condion, or during eyes-open compared to eyes-closed conditions. In this study, the increased presence of Microstate B was observed during lucid dream in REM sleep compared to no lucid dream in REM sleep. Our results might support the findings from LaBerge et al., 2018: the visual imagery that occurs during REM sleep is more similar to perception than imagination.
Damian Beck
Uncertainty in sensorimotor control and learning
I will present an overview of ongoing research in the Bern motor-control research group on how to handle uncertainty in complex sensorimotor behavior, such as sports, where sensory input ambiguities, delays, and output noise present significant challenges. Building upon fundamental motor-control research and the theory of optimal feedback control, we investigate how the mechanisms of prior-knowledge integration and risk optimization contribute to handling uncertainty in naturalistic situations. In an immersive virtual reality tennis return situation, we demonstrated that participants integrate prior knowledge of the ball impact probability distribution in their gaze behavior. As the reliability of the prior knowledge increased during gameplay, participants gave more weight to the prior knowledge as it is predicted from Bayesian inference. Furthermore, we showed in a virtual throwing task and a real-world sliding task that participants shifted their aiming point away from the penalty zone when either the penalty or their movement variability was growing. Hence, participants optimized the risks according to their own cost functions.
Kathrin Schmalzl
Biomechanische Effekte eines ganzheitlichen Schulungskonzeptes inklusive einer 3-wöchigen Intervention auf die Schreibmotorik und Haltungsqualität während des Schreibens, Sitzens und Stehens von Erstklässlerinnen und Erstklässlern
Laut einer Studie des Schreibmotorik Instituts, Verband Bildung und Erziehung (2019) haben sich die Schreibkompetenzen der Schulkinder der Primarstufe (SP) in den letzten Jahren verschlechtert. Parush, Levanon-Erez und Weintraub (1998) belegen einen Zusammenhang zwischen Schreibleistung und Körperhaltung beim Schreiben. Ein geringer Automatisierungsgrad kann dazu führen, dass sich SP mehr auf das «Schreiben» konzentrieren, wodurch weniger Kapazitäten für das Inhaltliche übrig bleiben. Zusätzlich können Konzentrationsmangel, Ermüdung der Schreibhand und Rückenschmerzen eine entscheidende Rolle dabei spielen, Lernprozesse und die Gesundheit langfristig negativ zu beeinflussen.
Das Ziel dieser Interventionsstudie ist die Evaluation eines Schulungskonzeptes für die SP, die entsprechenden Lehrkräfte und Eltern einschließlich einer 3-wöchigen Interventionsphase mit Maßnahmen für gesundes Sitzen und Schreiben.
Es wird angenommen, dass dieses Schulungskonzept sowohl kurz- als auch langfristig positive Effekte auf die Schreibmotorik und Haltungsqualität der SP hat. Hierfür werden zwei Gruppen von insgesamt 193 Teilnehmenden über einen Zeitraum von zwölf Monaten an fünf Messzeitpunkten getestet.
Tanja Eberhardt
Darstellung der Veränderungen, Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen und Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit
Einleitung
Das Niveau der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit (mLf) von Kindern ist im Vergleich zu früheren Generationen zurückgegangen und stagniert auf einem niedrigen Niveau (Eberhardt et al., 2020). Hinsichtlich der enormen Bedeutung der mLf für einen aktiven gesunden Lebensstil ist ein langfristiges Monitoring wesentlich, um regelmäßig Informationen über weitere Veränderungen zu erlangen. Eine spezifische Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Stichproben ist entscheidend, um evidenzbasierte und angepasste Förderungsmaßnahmen einzuleiten.
Methode
Zunächst wurde ein internationales Literaturreview nach den PRISMA- Guidelines durchgeführt. Als Best Practice Beispiel für ein Monitoring der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit wurden die Rohdaten des Fitnessbarometers mit der Forschungsinfrastruktur MO|RE data pseudonymisiert gepoolt. Durch die kontinuierliche Erhebung wurde auch der Einfluss der COVID-19 Pandemie betrachtet. Für die statistische Auswertung wurden T-Tests, Chi2-Tests und einfache Varianzanalysen angewendet.
Ergebnisse/ Diskussion
International hat die mLf über die letzten Jahre abgenommen. Die Ergebnisse unterschieden sich je nach betrachteter Stichprobe und Fähigkeit. Das Best Practice Beispiel Fitnessbarometer kann unterschiedliche Fragestellungen des Monitorings beantworten und zeigt, wie die Herausforderung gelingen kann. Insbesondere nach der COVID-19 Pandemie ist eine langfristige standardisierte Erfassung der mLF notwendig, um ein evidenzbasiertes Gesamtbild zu erhalten.
Arbeitskreis 2
Xin Chen
Psychological collectivism, self-construal, and self-control in Chinese college students
Self-control is an important psychological function in human development that positively affects the success, health, and well-being of individuals in daily life (Tangney et al., 2004). In recent years, the relationship between culture orientation o and individual self-control has become an important research direction for researchers ( Li et al., 2018; Pokhrel et al., 2018). In this study, the influences of cultural orientation on self-control in Chinese college students were examined based on the ecological model of human development. This study completed online questionnaire consisting of demographic information, the Chinese psychological collectivism questionnaire, the Chinese Brief Self-Control, and the Chinese Self-construal Scale.
Helena Hlasova
A dialogical self approach to self-innovation and narrative continuity in retirement from elite sport
This case study aims to enrich our understanding of identity related change processes in athlete’s narratives during retirement from elite sport. Dialogical Self Theory and the premise that narrative continuity is important to well-being, is the theoretical basis for examining self-innovation in a recently retired male athlete, previously participating in an individual sport. After the narrative interview was transcribed, multivoicedness, dominant narratives and innovative moments were coded for. Results demonstrate that for this athlete, self-innovation began before the decision to retire took place and was necessitated by dialogue where future oriented change was supported by the promoter position I-as-healing. We observed that the process of innovation continued after retirement and reconceptualisation through meta-positions allowed the athlete to observe changes to his self-concept and restore continuity in his evolving life story.
Merlin Örencik
A person-oriented approach towards researching (post-)athletic careers in high-performance sport
Compared to the general population, elite athletes face unique circumstances in life that present specific challenges. Throughout their high-performance sport career, the main ques-tion is how to effectively balance sporting commitments while avoiding neglecting their per-sonal and professional lives, as well as mitigating potential psychological consequences stemming from overwhelming demands. At the end of their career, elite athletes shift their focus towards navigating the imminent psychological challenges and organizing their pro-fessional transition to life after sport. In order to adequately study these developmental pro-cesses, the literature has accepted a holistic perspective. Drawing upon the person-oriented approach, which recognizes the holistic nature of human development arising from the in-terplay between the person and the environment, a series of five studies were conducted to examine the psychological and sociological characteristics pertaining to the life situations experienced by elite athletes both during and subsequent to their athletic endeavors.
Caren Horstmannshoff
Measuring physical activity related to behaviour change through multidisciplinary care pathways in older people with vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders.
Background
Vertigo, dizziness, and balance disorders (VDB) are symptoms in many older individuals that severely restrict physical activity (PA). Activity trackers can measure PA. Due to the deficient care, including its complexity, we developed an evidence-based, multidisciplinary care pathway (complex intervention), integrating general practitioners and physiotherapists (Cluster-RCT MobilE-PHY2). Are activity trackers valid instruments for measuring PA? Are there changes in PA due to the care pathway?
Methods
A systematic review with meta-analysis of Bland-Altman data will be conducted. 120 intervention and control group patients wear an activity tracker and keep an activity diary for one week at baseline, four, and six months. We conduct structured interviews with patients and healthcare professionals before and after the intervention as part of the process evaluation to shed light on PA behaviour.
Results
The results aim to improve evidence-based health care for older people with VDB in primary care.
Carolin Knoke
Gesundheitsförderung von Schüler*innen durch Sportunterricht mit digitalen Methoden: Eine systemische Literaturübersicht
Forschungsthema
Für die Ausbildung von Schüler*innen und Sportlehrkräften werden digitale Medien selten eingesetzt (Goodyear et al., 2018). Dabei bietet dieser Bereich neue Potenziale zur Optimierung von Lehr- und Lernprozessen und zur Förderung der Schülergesundheit (Gómez-García et al., 2016). Ziel ist es daher, Möglichkeiten zur Gesundheitsförderung von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit digitalen Methoden im Sportunterricht zu identifizieren.
Methodik
Vor dem Hintergrund der Forschungsfrage: „Welche digitalen Medien können im Sportunterricht angewendet werden, um eine Gesundheitsförderung bei Schüler*innen durch den Sportunterricht zu erreichen?“ werden ein deutschsprachiges Scoping Review sowie ein englischsprachiges Systematic Review, leitfadengestützte Kurzinterviews mit Lehrkräften und Fokusgruppeninterviews mit Schüler*innen sowie schließlich eine Pilot-Interventionsstudie durchgeführt.
Ausgewählte Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine heterogene Situation in Bezug auf den Einsatz digitaler Medien zur Gesundheitsförderung im (Sport-) Unterricht besteht. Die Literaturübersichten zeigen eine Forschungslücke zu der Forschungsfrage auf. Um die Potenziale der Nutzung digitaler Möglichkeiten im Sportunterricht auszuschöpfen, sind zukünftige Auseinandersetzungen und Studien nötig.
Violetta Oblinger-Peters
Promoting the Concept of Meaning in Sport Psychology
Lately, athletes’ mental health and well-being has become a focus in elite sport. To attend to these demands, sport psychology has adopted a variety of theoretical perspectives on mental health and well-being. Interestingly, a “flagship indicator of wellbeing” (Steger et al., 2013, p. 159), namely meaning in life, has thus far been neglected. The under-exploration of the meaning concept is unfortunate since evidence in neighboring disciplines testifies to its potential in promoting people’s physical and mental health (Schnell, 2021). Additionally, emergent scholarship within sport psychology indicates that notions of meaning provide an additional lens to investigate challenging moments for athletes (e.g., career transitions, injuries). However, the structure of this concept has been much debated within psychology. The presentation will discuss how sport psychology should contribute to advance our theoretical understanding of the concept whilst alerting to potential difficulties that the empirical investigation of meaning in elite sport might entail.
Jonathan Diener
Individualized physical activity promotion and fall prevention in nursing homes: Development and evaluation of the BeSt Age App
Key words: nursing home, m-health, individualization, fall prevention, physical activity
Introduction
As digital solutions can help to adapt interventions in the care setting to individual needs (Goh et al., 2017), the aim of this dissertation is to develop and evaluate a mobile application which supports NH staff in delivering an individualized program for physical activity promotion and fall prevention.
Methods
This dissertation reviews the literature regarding the effectiveness and acceptability of existing e- and m-health interventions (Manuscript 1). Subsequently, barriers for the implementation of digital interventions in NH are identified through interviews (Manuscript 2). Finally, the developed application will be evaluated in a RCT regarding its user experience (Manuscript 3) and effectiveness (Manuscript 4)
Key findings
(1) Twenty-eight studies contained e-health interventions, while no m-health study was identified. Interventions were reported as well accepted by NH residents. However, these findings may not be applicable to NH residents with advanced impairments, as they were excluded in most studies. (2) Various barriers exist regarding the implementation of digital interventions in NH. Future programs should emphasize the resources available in NH and address the aspects feasibility and usefulness for practice as early as possible.
Arbeitskreis 3
Irina Timm
The association of physical behavior and psychological antecedents and consequences in everyday life and its moderation by contextual factors
Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe
Keywords: Ambulatory Assessment, Mood, Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Context Awareness
There is compelling evidence that physical activity (PA) has beneficial consequences for both somatic and mental health. Socio-ecological approaches generally indicate that behavioral, psychosocial, and environmental factors contribute to different responses in maintaining or being physically active. Based on this approach, I will illustrate how individual (i.e., affective well-being), and environmental factors (i.e., weather conditions) interact as determinants of physical behavior. First, I conducted a systematic literature review compiling the current evidence on time-dynamic associations of physical behavior and psychological antecedents and consequences in natural settings. Most studies revealed PA to be positively correlated with feelings of energy. Second, I investigated the interplay between momentary affective well-being, weather conditions, and physical behavior in a sample of healthy adults. We found a positive association between temperature and PA intensity. In accordance with the socio-ecological model, many different layers can influence individuals in adopting or maintaining an active lifestyle.
Leon Klos
Zusammenhang von aktiver Mobilität und Bewegungsumwelt bei Jugendlichen
Die Entscheidung ob Wege aktiv, beispielsweise zu Fuß oder mit dem Fahrrad zurückgelegt werden hängt von der Umgebung ab, in der wir uns bewegen. Meine Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit unterschiedlichen Aspekten der Bewegungsumwelt und wie diese mit dem aktiven Mobilitätsverhalten von Jugendlichen in unterschiedlichen Kontexten zusammenhängen. Ziel dieses Vortrags ist es, das Gesamtkonzept der Dissertation vorzustellen und eine Verortung des Themas in der Sportwissenschaft vorzunehmen. Dafür werden exemplarisch Ergebnisse eines systematischen Reviews und Analysen aus städtischen und ländlichen Gebieten im Rahmen der deutschlandweiten Motorik-Modul Studie (MoMo) vorgestellt und ein Ausblick auf geplante Vorhaben gegeben. Das Dissertationsvorhaben als Ganzes wird abschließend in der problemorientierten Sportwissenschaft verortet und unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Nachhaltigkeit vertiefend diskutiert.
Philipp Koch
Developing elite athletes to help them flourish. How can Parents and Coaches facilitate that?
There is a lack of evidence between pushing young athletes to maximizing performance and care for their personal development. These two challenging goals can often be in conflict to each other. To explore how coaches and parents can facilitate both goals in young athletes I designed a longitudinal mixed methods study. Elite youth soccer players were assessed over an 8-year timespan. By creating profiles of their experienced influence of coaches and parents using the Leadership scale for sport (Chelladurai und Saleh 1980) and the Parental involvement in sport questionnaire (Lee und McLean 1997) I aim to analyze the influence of certain profiles on performance level, motivation, self-efficacy, performance orientation and physical self-concept. Follow up qualitative interviews with a selected sample of the athletes from certain profile clusters should deepen the knowledge about the facilitation process.
Jan Bursik
Analgesic use in elite German handball: Risk-groups for preventive use
Keywords: Analgeics, Handball
In sport scientific research, it is often assumed that analgesics are not only taken for the treatment of pain symptoms, but also preventively or under the idea of performance enhancement. However, there is little evidence to support this claim. We investigated the prevalence of analgesic use for performance enhancement and the risk groups for preventive analgesic use. A total of 459 German elite handball players participated in the online survey. Randomized response technique was used to assess the prevalence of analgesic use for performance enhancement. Risk groups for preventive analgesic use were identified using decision tree analysis. The prevalence of pain medication use for performance enhancement was 22.9% CI[18.0; 28.0]. Decision tree analysis identified handball players over the age of 17 with high scores on the negative affect subfactor of athletic identity as a high-risk group for preventive analgesic use. The identification of risk groups for preventive use can contribute to the prevention of analgesic abuse in sports.
Frederic Rothe
Markov Chain Modelling in Game Sports
Markov chains are a well-known tool in mathematical modelling. In performance analysis, finite Markov chains and the connected transition probabilities can be used to examine tactical behavior. In this regard, finite Markov chains are especially suited for the modelling of net games like tennis, due to their structure as an alternating sequence of discrete shots. Markov chain modelling is also applicable to team sports but presents a challenge in this context due to complex game structures. Finite Markov chain modelling can be used as a descriptive tool, as well as to gain insight in the relationship between sports behavior and outcomes. The transition matrix of Markov chains can be used to display the frequency of game actions in relation to the corresponding game structure. Moreover, the model calculations derived from the theory of Markov chains enable determining the relevance of tactical behaviors within this structure. In this doctoral project it is aimed to further substantiate finite Markov chain modelling in net games as well as to further develop their application in team sports.
Steffen Lang
Short-term event prediction within matches in soccer using machine learning
In this study we predict events within a match, based on prior information gained within the match through time continues spatiotemporal data of players and events. For prediction, we used five different machine learning models and 102 matches of the German soccer Bundesliga. We extracted 20 different performance indicators (PI) from the data in five seconds intervals. For all predictions we had a hidden window of one minute before an event happened, to make sure that the model is not learning the event itself, but is only considering the strength of the teams so far, represented by the PI(s). As performance metrics we calculated balanced accuracy (BA) and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC). Prediction of goals show that it can only be achieved by a very low accuracy. Highest result was for BA=.563 and for MCC=.043. Overall, Logistic Regression achieved best mean results with all PIs.
Keywords: goal prediction, soccer, machine learning, performance indicator, Betting
Marion Gasser
Active School: Ein ganzheitliches schulisches Bewegungsförderungsprogramm an CH-Sekundarschulen – Wirkungsanalyse auf Lehrpersonen- und Schüler*innenebenebene
Schulische Bewegungsförderungsprogramme gewinnen zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit, um dem Bewegungsmangel bei Kindern- und Jugendlichen entgegenzuwirken. Um die Effekte solcher Programme nachhaltig zu gewährleisten, werden ganzheitliche Ansätze diskutiert, die auf verschiedenen Ebenen des Schulsystems ansetzen. Das Ziel des Projekts Active School ist ein solch ganzheitlicher Ansatz, welcher auf den drei Ebenen Schüler*innen, Lehrpersonen und Leitung ansetzt. Die Rolle der Lehrperson ist dabei entscheidend. Es wird angenommen, dass Lehrpersonen mit einem hohen Mass an Selbstwirksamkeit in der Bewegungsförderung das Projekt positiver bewerten und dadurch eher bereit sind, Massnahmen der schulischen Bewegungsförderung umzusetzen. Bisher ist jedoch unklar, wie die lehrerzentrierten Variablen durch einen ganzheitlichen Ansatz beeinflusst werden können und wie sich dies auf das Bewegungsverhalten der Schüler*innen auswirkt. Im Rahmen einer Längsschnittstudie wird demnach die Wirkung des Active Schools Projekts auf Lehrpersonen- und Schüler*innenebene untersucht. Geplant sind drei Messzeitpunkte im Abstand von einem Jahr (Baseline, Post, Follow-up). Zur Analyse der Lehrpersonenebene werden Fragebogen eingesetzt, das Bewegungsverhalten der Schüler*innen wird mittels Akzelerometern gemessen.
Claudia Kubica
Menstrual Health and Dysfunction Among Active Females in Switzerland
Introduction: Menstrual cycle symptoms are prevalent among women 1, and physically active females often experience higher rates of irregular cycles, secondary amenorrhea or anovulation 2–4. These menstrual dysfunctions can lead to increased injury risk, hindered performance development, and reduced quality-of-life 5. However, with current research focusing on elite athletes, a knowledge gap for leisure-time active females exists.
Method: An online survey in Switzerland assessed menstrual health, dysfunction, and sport activities.
Key Findings: On average, participants (N=1250, mean age = 27±7.8 years) trained 4.8±4.3 hours per week. The mean menstrual cycle length was 29±8.4 days with 47% reporting irregular cycles (variations > ± 3 days), 17% experiencing prolonged cycles (> 34 days), 26% having secondary amenorrhea within the past year. Findings revealed small correlations between total training volume and the prevalence of secondary amenorrhea (r =.11; p <0.001) irregular MC length (r =.091; p =0.004) and prolonged MC length (r =.091; p =0.004) potentially indicating menstruation cycles be considered in the training planning process.
Arbeitskreis 4
Katharina Feil
Antizipierte Emotionen im Kontext körperlicher Aktivität
Das menschliche Gehirn trifft permanent Vorhersagen darüber, was zukünftige Ereignisse für das jeweilige Individuum bedeuten, z. B. welche emotionale Reaktion zukünftige körperliche Aktivität auslösen könnte. Diese Vorhersagen können das Verhalten maßgeblich beeinflussen. Ziel der Dissertation ist es, die Rolle antizipierter Emotionen im Kontext körperlicher Aktivität zu untersuchen. Dazu gliedert sich das Dissertationsvorhaben in drei Teile. Im ersten Teil wurden relevante antizipierte Emotionen in Bezug auf das nächste Training identifiziert (Feil et al., 2022). Es zeigte sich, dass sowohl bei körperlich aktiven als auch bei inaktiven Personen eine Vielzahl an positiven und negativen antizipierten Emotionen eine Rolle spielt. Im zweiten Teil wurde ein Scoping Review durchgeführt und gezeigt, dass antizipierte affektive Konstrukte vor allem mit der Intention und dem tatsächlichen affektiven Erleben zusammenhängen (eingereicht). Der dritte Teil zielt darauf ab, die Beziehung zwischen antizipierter Freude, Intention, und Teilnahme an Sportkursen mithilfe eines longitudinalen Studiendesigns zu analysieren (in Vorbereitung).
Ralf Kredel
Learning interfering complex‐motor tasks
How the human motor system adapts to perturbing task structures is typically explored with forcefield adaptation experiments (FFAE). There, it has been shown that a variety of sensorimotor cues extend the task’s state space and lead to performance improvements in interfering tasks. However, it remains unclear whether these findings from FFAEs can be transferred to learning more complex tasks.
To this end, we used the s‐vis‐mot device, which required participants to control 24 input dimensions, while the rest of the task structure was similar to existing FFAEs. After an initial phase, participants learned two interfering task variants in a mixed design with passive and active lead‐in and follow‐through movements that served as contextual cues.
The differences between the present task and FFAEs are discussed, potential analysis procedures and first results are presented.
Marc Grüber
VR training for flight control in freestyle skiing
In freestyle skiing and snowboard freestyle athletes perform their tricks on very large jumps. The correct flight distance is crucial to land in the landing zone when jumping. Landing outside this zone can lead to very serious injuries. Furthermore, the athletes must be able to anticipate the time of touchdown. The skill of flight distance estimation and control describes the competence to predict the resulting flight distance based on the current environmental conditions (wind, snow, visibility) and to control it accordingly. My project includes the development and scientific evaluation of a virtual reality training application (prototype) for the freestyle skiing and snowboard freestyle. Analogous to the flight simulator training of pilots, the goal is to train in a virtual simulation and achieve a skill transfer into the real situation. I will present the results so far and the planned approach to investigate the eventual skill transfer.
Lea-Sofie Hahn
Strukturelle Barrieren und Möglichkeiten von Bewegungsförderung in Pflegeheimen
Einleitung
Welche Faktoren haben einen Einfluss auf die kA der Bewohnenden und hat Covid-19 dies verändert? Welche Voraussetzungen und Barrieren birgt ein integrierter Beratungsansatz zur Entwicklung nachhaltiger bewegungsförderlicher Maßnahmen? In welchem Maße sind Pflegeheime auf organisationaler Ebene bereit für Bewegungsförderung und wie kann diese Bereitschaft gesteigert werden?
Methodik
Die Daten der systematischen Beobachtung (825h) wurden mittels statistischer Verfahren analysiert (t-test, Baumanalyse). Dokumente von n=21 Organisationsberatungen wurden mittels einer reflexiven thematischen Analyse ausgewertet. Die Veränderung der organisationalen Bereitschaft wurde mittels eines Audittools untersucht; Entstandene Lernprozesse mit einer Inhaltsanalyse ermittelt.
Ergebnisse
Covid-19 führte zu einem Anstieg des sedentären Lebensstils, da externe Bewegungsexpert*innen ausfielen und das Pflegepersonal dies nicht kompensieren konnte. Niederschwellige Bewegungsangebote sind der Schlüssel. Strukturelle Veränderungen führen oft zu Verhaltensänderungen. Die organisationale Bereitschaft hat sich in den Bereichen Ressourcen, Gelegenheiten, Verpflichtungen und Ziele durch individuelle und organisationale Lernprozesse verbessert.
Sarah Piller
Drivers of Environmental Policies in Swiss Sport Federations: A Multiple Case Study of Agenda Setting Process
Through the great number of people practising sport, sport has not only positive functions, but can be deleterious to the environment. National sport federations, which represent sport clubs and engage in sport policy issues, could be crucial when addressing an environmentally friendly sport development. However, federations are primarily committed to member interests. Therefore, this study addresses the extent to which environmental policies are set on agendas in these federations and which drivers are relevant for the agenda setting of such policies. A multiple case study with seven Swiss sport federations was conducted. The findings show that if environmental policies were not driven by national regulations, they were pushed by engaged policy entrepreneurs from within the federations. Understanding drivers in the agenda setting is important because it is a prerequisite for the subsequent decision making and implementation of policies and can help to shape the response of the organised sport to environmental challenges.
Raphael Stieger
Professionalisation and Governance in Sports Clubs – Towards an Integrative View?
At the Summer School 2023, I would like to present my dissertation project in the context of the SNF project “Processes and consequences of professionalisation in sports clubs”. The main aim of my dissertation is to combine the two concepts of professionalisation and governance, which are each more or less well researched, but to date, not or without any theoretical or conceptual considerations examined together. Recent literature calls for an integrative view to fully understand organisational change processes.
The project is a multiple case study. About ten sports clubs are selected in each, Switzerland and Germany. Data collection methods are document analysis, expert interviews with decision-makers and focus group interviews with further club members. Data analysis is qualitative in nature, namely coding and visualisation strategies. I won’t be able to present any final findings, but I would like to present and discuss some paper ideas based on preliminary findings.
Romano Keller-Meier
Becoming more business-like - sports clubs in semi-professional team sports
(Team) sports clubs in various sports are facing rising challenges like increased demands from internal and external stakeholders. Competitive sports, in particular, are associated with high use of resources (Walzel & Schubert, 2021). As a solution, sports clubs react by converting from an amateur-driven logic to being more business-like by employing paid staff, opening an administrative office, or using management tools from the business world (Dowling, Edwards and Washington, 2014).
With my dissertation project as part of the SNF project “Processes and consequences of professionalisation in sports clubs”, I want to shed some light on these transformation processes and highlight the differences between semi-professional sports clubs to purely amateur or entirely professional clubs. I want to present and discuss the framing of my PhD project and some ideas for publications based on some preliminary results of our multiple case study.